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b3h.htf
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1997-03-31
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398 lines
B3H
Verbals
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Verbals are words formed from verbs but used as other parts
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of speech. Verbals include the participle, the gerund, and
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the infinitive.
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Participle
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You may know that a
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participle
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is the verb form used in the
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present and past progressive tenses. A participle can also
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function as an adjective.
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Present participle:
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I saw the
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opening
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performance.
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Past participle:
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He was proud of the
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completed
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project.
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Gerund
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A gerund is a verb form ending in
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-ing
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that acts as a noun.
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Running
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is her favorite hobby. (noun)
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She likes
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skating
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. (noun)
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The same present participle form of a verb can serve as
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either a gerund (if it functions as a noun) or as a participle (if
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it functions as an adjective).
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Gerund:
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Practicing
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takes discipline. (noun)
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Participle:
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Practicing
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, she played etudes for hours. (adjective)
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Infinitive
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The infinitive form of a verb (often preceded by
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to
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) can be
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used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
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We like
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to ski
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. (noun)
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She left the party
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to take
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a nap. (adverb)
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On the chair are clothes
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to iron
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. (adjective)
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Be careful not to confuse the
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to
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which is part of the infinitive
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with
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to
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used as a preposition. The infinitive is
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to
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+ verb. The
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preposition is
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to
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+ noun (or pronoun).
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infinitive: We are going
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to shop
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.
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preposition: We are going
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to the store
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.
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Splitting Infinitives
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Splitting an infinitive means putting one or more words
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between
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to
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and the verb--e.g., to boldly go. Sometimes,
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splitting the infinitive (shown in red) may help readability:
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to
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more than
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double
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production. However, if the split is
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awkward, rewrite the sentence.
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Split infinitive:
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I love
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to
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slowly
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walk
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on Sundays. (infinitive = to walk)
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Corrected:
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I love
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to walk
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slowly on Sundays.
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